Chapter 10 of 12 · 15 min

Shariah screening, step by step

The exact AAOIFI and S&P/DJIM rules — the engine behind every verdict here.

Chapter 9 gave the principles. This chapter gives the procedure — the same one Gennoor Invest's engine runs on every stock, so by the end you can verify any verdict by hand.

ALL STOCKSbusiness screen: haram core? mixed income ≥ 5%? OUTratio screens: debt, interest assets vs market capCOMPLIANT≈ a third of large caps survive
The funnel: business screen first (out if haram core / mixed income ≥5%), then the financial ratio screens.

Step 1 — the business activity screen

  1. Core business check. If the company's primary business is prohibited (conventional banking/NBFC, insurance, alcohol, tobacco, gambling, pork, adult content, conventional broking) → Non-Compliant. Stop.
  2. Mixed income check. Otherwise, add up income from any prohibited activities *plus all interest income*. If this exceeds 5% of total revenue → Non-Compliant. (The 5% tolerance exists because in a riba-saturated economy, perfect zero is nearly impossible; the tolerated sliver must be purified, never kept.)

Step 2 — the financial ratio screens

Two main standards dominate worldwide. They ask the same three questions with slightly different arithmetic:

QuestionAAOIFI standardS&P / Dow Jones Islamic
Too much interest-bearing debt?Debt < 30% of market capDebt < 33% of 36-month avg market cap
Too much parked in interest?Interest-bearing investments < 30% of market capCash + interest securities < 33% of 36-mo avg market cap
Too much in receivables?— (not screened)Receivables < 33% of 36-mo avg market cap

🎛 Try it: Be the screening engine

This is the real AAOIFI logic this site runs. Drag a company's finances and flip the verdict yourself.

Mixed income (limit 5%)2.0%
Debt ratio (limit 30%)15.0%
Interest assets ratio (limit 30%)10.0%
COMPLIANT ✓

Worked example: a company with market cap ₹50,000 crore and borrowings of ₹12,000 crore has a debt ratio of 24% → passes both standards. If borrowings were ₹17,000 crore (34%) → fails both. At ₹15,500 crore (31%) it passes AAOIFI's cap-based test but sits near the line — which is why Gennoor Invest marks borderline cases Doubtful and sends them for human review instead of silently rounding.

Why verdicts can change — and differ

  • Market cap moves daily. A compliant company whose share price halves can breach the debt ratio without borrowing a rupee more. Screening is a *recurring* check, not a lifetime stamp.
  • Standards differ. A stock can pass AAOIFI and fail S&P/DJIM. Neither is "wrong" — they are different scholarly calibrations. Pick one standard and be consistent.
  • Companies change. A compliant business can acquire an NBFC, or pay down debt and become compliant. Annual reports reset the inputs.

☪️ Why Gennoor Invest shows its working

A verdict you cannot verify is just someone's opinion. Every verdict on this site displays the screen-by-screen result, the exact figures, and the filing they were extracted from — and data reviewed by a human is labelled as such. If your scholar follows a stricter threshold, the raw numbers are right there to re-screen against any standard.

🛠 Build the skill — verify a verdict by hand

  1. Open any compliant stock's page on Gennoor Invest and note its debt and market cap figures.
  2. Divide debt by market cap on your phone calculator. Confirm it is under 30%.
  3. Open the cited annual report page and find the borrowings figure. Match it.
  4. You have now personally audited a Shariah screen — something most investors never do once.

📌 Remember

  • Screen = business check (prohibited? mixed income < 5%?) + ratio checks (debt, interest assets, receivables).
  • AAOIFI uses 30% of market cap; S&P/DJIM uses 33% of 36-month average. Verdicts can legitimately differ.
  • Compliance is a recurring state, not a permanent badge — re-screen what you hold.
  • Demand evidence. Black-box verdicts deserve skepticism.

✅ Check yourself

5 quick questions — answer honestly, learn instantly.

0/5 answered

USE CASE1. Market cap ₹40,000 cr, interest-bearing debt ₹13,500 cr. Under AAOIFI (30% limit) the stock is…

USE CASE2. A hotel chain earns 3% of revenue from its bar. Business screen result…

3. A compliant company's share price halves in a market crash; its debt is unchanged. It can become non-compliant because…

4. Stock passes AAOIFI, fails S&P/DJIM's receivables screen. The correct conclusion…

5. The single most important feature a Shariah screening service can offer is…